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Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要： The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词： energy chain new energy vehicle internal combustion engine vehicle life cycle cost technological learning

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创新思维下的新能源汽车发展理念

陈清泉,郑彬

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 70-75 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.017

摘要：

新能源汽车为我国汽车产业转型升级，实现高质量发展提供了重要机遇。本文从发展新能源汽车应秉持的创新思维出发，分析了创新所需的理念、人才、氛围三大要素以及前瞻思维、差异思维、全局思维、循环思维的思维方法。提出了新能源汽车的创新驱动，政策驱动和市场驱动，好的产品、基础设施与商业模式，四网融合与四流融合的发展理念，以期为我国新能源汽车发展提供战略参考和借鉴。

关键词：新能源汽车新思维发展理念

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燃料电池商用车产业发展现状与展望

谭旭光, 余卓平

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第5期页码 152-158 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.019

摘要：

面对全球严峻的节能减排与能源紧缺形势，国内外都将燃料电池汽车作为汽车行业的未来战略方向，高能耗高排放的商用车技术变革更显迫切。本文分析了国内外燃料电池汽车产业的发展动态，梳理了主要国家在燃料电池汽车开发和推广过程中所采取的各项举措，总结了我国燃料电池汽车产业发展的优势与面临的问题。研究表明，基于国家级产业引导政策，燃料电池汽车发展路线应以商用车为主；针对制约燃料电池商用车发展的因素，建议通过顶层设计，出台产业专项规划以明确产业发展的方向、目标和重点；强化燃料电池关键共性技术研发突破，解决制约产业快速发展的瓶颈问题，推动燃料电池汽车产业高质量发展。

关键词：燃料电池商用车氢能新能源

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新能源汽车电机驱动系统关键技术展望

丁荣军,刘侃

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 56-60 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.018

摘要：

本文探讨了新能源汽车电机驱动系统的关键技术及发展趋势，包括驱动控制器中的功率半导体器件及封装、智能门极驱动、基于器件的系统集成设计，以及驱动电机中的扁铜线、多相永磁电机、永磁同步磁阻电机等关键技术。其中，着重介绍了当前车用电机驱动技术的发展趋势，并指出永磁同步电机在未来10 年内将依然是新能源汽车市场的主流驱动电机。同时，通过横向比较指出当前我国在驱动电机发展道路上所面临的关键问题，可以为我国未来新能源汽车技术发展提供一定参考。

关键词：新能源汽车电机驱动系统永磁同步电机

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加快我国新能源汽车动力电池回收利用的建议

赵世佳,徐楠,乔英俊,杨波

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 144-148 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.021

摘要：

在国家政策引导和支持下，我国新能源汽车产业发展迅猛，预计到2020年新能源汽车保有量将超过500万辆。随之而来的新能源汽车动力电池回收利用问题成为行业内的重大议题。动力电池如不进行有效回收处理，将造成严重的环境污染及资源浪费。美、德、日等发达国家均已提前布局动力电池回收领域。本文对我国新能源汽车动力电池回收利用存在的问题开展深入分析，为我国加快动力电池发展提出具体的建议。

关键词：新能源汽车动力电池回收

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新能源汽车发展意义及技术路线研究

陈清泉,高金燕,何璇,沈斌

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 68-73 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.010

摘要：

本文从能源、环境、信息、科技等方面，剖析了我国发展新能源汽车的重大意义。规划设计出到2050年我国新能源汽车发展的战略目标路线。同时，结合已有相关研究，分析探讨了未来新能源汽车发展的整车基本技术路线、动力电池基本技术路线以及驱动电机、系统构型等动力总成的基本技术路线。最后，针对新能源汽车产业技术攻关，提出组建国家级技术创新联盟的建议，以期为我国未来新能源汽车发展提供战略参考。

关键词：新能源汽车重大意义技术路线措施建议

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潍柴商用车动力系统创新发展及未来展望

谭旭光

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 122-126 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.008

摘要：

本文从四个阶段系统介绍了潍柴20年发展走过的自主创新历程；结合商用车动力系统核心技术研发，阐述了对商用车动力系统创新发展的理解和典型经验；从高效低排放内燃机、新能源和智能网联技术等方面，对商用车未来发展进行了展望，分享了潍柴在传统能源、新能源方面的未来规划和做法。

关键词：自主创新发动机商用车动力总成新能源

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Biding strategy of vehicle parking for participating in energy and spinning reserve markets

Ali MANSOORI,Rahmat AAZAMI,Ramin SAYADI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 403-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0333-7

摘要： In this paper a model for suggesting a smart parking that involves a set of electric cars is presented to auction the management ability and correct parking planning in reserve spinning market, secondary energy market and grid. Parking interest under various scenarios is analyzed and its effective results are presented by a valid model. Besides, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for calculating maximum benefit.

关键词： vehicle-to-grid (V2G) spinning reserve energy secondary market smart parking

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绿色低碳新兴产业成熟度评价方法研究

孙旭东,李雪松,张博,彭苏萍

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第2期页码 98-107 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.02.014

摘要：

今后10~15 年是我国加快培育和发展新兴产业的关键时期，作为我国生态文明建设重要任务的绿色低碳产业发展也将面临重要机遇期。绿色低碳新兴产业以能源新技术、节能环保和新能源汽车为代表，其细分产业的技术特征、规模和发展程度存在明显的差异性，亟待开展与之对应的成熟度评价方法研究。本文在归纳产业成熟度评价的基本理论与通用方法的基础上，明确绿色低碳产业的范畴与定义，辨识相关产业的高质量发展特征；提出了绿色低碳产业成熟度评价模型与指标体系，具体阐述产业成熟度等级合成方法。以生物质热电联产产业为例完成了绿色低碳产业成熟度评价应用研究，分析认为案例产业发展整体达到了较成熟等级，但市场成熟度的进展滞后于工程科技进步。研究建议：建立绿色低碳产业成熟度年度评价机制，组建绿色低碳产业发展信息的权威发布机构，加强我国新兴产业数据库建设及客观评价。

关键词：绿色低碳新兴产业产业成熟度能源新技术节能环保新能源汽车

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全气候新能源汽车关键技术及展望

王文伟,孙逢春

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 47-55 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.020

摘要：

全气候新能源汽车是指能够适应包括高温、高湿和极寒等各种气候环境的新能源汽车，相对于目前高温高湿环境下较为成熟的隔热散热与防护技术，新能源汽车在超过–30 ℃的极寒环境下存在无法启动、续驶里程锐减、充电困难等问题，是国际社会公认的制约新能源汽车全气候应用的难题。本文分析研究了动力电池自加热技术、高效冷暖一体化热泵空调技术、新型整车隔热保温技术等全气候新能源汽车技术体系，并进行了整车集成开发及极寒环境试验，最后分析了全气候新能源汽车的技术发展趋势。本文所述的研究成果将通过在2022 年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会上率先进行示范应用，从而推动我国乃至国际新能源汽车的全气候应用。

关键词：全气候新能源汽车电池自加热热泵空调隔热保温

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High-end equipment customer requirement analysis based on opinion extraction

Yuejin TAN, Yuren WANG, Xin LU, Mengsi CAI, Bingfeng GE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 479-486 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018035

摘要： Acquisition and analysis of customer requirements are the essential steps in high-end equipment design. Considering that Internet and big data technologies are integrated into the manufacturing industry, we propose a method of analyzing customer requirements based on open-source data. First, online data are collected with focused crawlers and preprocessed to filter noise and duplicate. Then, user opinions are extracted based on the defined template, and users’ sentiments are analyzed. Based on the relationship between user sentiments and attribute parameters, the parameter range that satisfies customers can be obtained. The proposed method is evaluated by using an example of new energy vehicle to verify its availability and feasibility.

关键词： requirement analysis opinion extraction high-end equipment new energy vehicle

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新能源汽车国家发展战略研究

抄佩佩,高金燕,杨洋,胡钦高,钟志华

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第4期页码 69-75 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.011

摘要：

新能源汽车作为当前和未来全球汽车产业发展的重点，对我国能源、环境、经济、科技、社会等方面都将产生较大影响。为更好地支撑我国新能源汽车产业后续发展决策，促进产业健康快速发展，课题组充分分析了产业持续发展对我国未来能源安全、减排环保及产业升级的影响，进一步明确其重大战略意义，并在全面对比国内外产业支撑政策及产品技术发展水平、总结评价我国产业优劣势的基础上，对未来产业发展的战略定位、路线选择和培育重点等给出思路建议。

关键词：新能源汽车重大意义国内外对比战略路径重大工程政策建议

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中国车用能源需求和关键材料资源可获性分析

彭天铎,袁志逸,袁杰辉,朱旭峰,欧训民

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 127-132 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.018

摘要：

随着中国汽车产销量和保有量的迅速增长，车用能源和资源成为汽车强国战略中的一个重要问题。本研究基于清华大学中国车用能源研究中心所开发的中国汽车保有量预测模型，对未来汽车规模进行预测，对车用能源和资源的利用现状、技术发展水平、发展趋势等进行研究，并提出相应政策建议。研究结果表明，中国汽车保有量将持续增长，车用燃料供需矛盾将进一步凸显，汽车材料所需矿产资源储备、产品性能和技术水平有待提升。建议出台相关政策，提前布局，积极应对未来汽车工业面临的能源和资源方面的挑战。

关键词：汽车保有量车用能源矿产资源发展对策

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Ultrasound-mediated targeted microbubbles: a new vehicle for cancer therapy

Junxiao YE, Huining HE, Junbo GONG, Weibing DONG, Yongzhuo HUANG, Jianxin WANG, Guanyi CHEN, Victor C YANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 20-28 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1311-z

摘要： With the hope of overcoming the serious side effects, great endeavor has been made in tumor-targeted chemotherapy, and various drug delivery modalities and drug carriers have been made to decrease systemic toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Scientists from home and abroad focus on the research of targeted microbubbles contrast agent, and the use of the targeted ultrasound microbubble contrast agent can carry gene drugs and so on to the target tissue, as well as mediated tumor cell apoptosis and tumor microvascular thrombosis block, etc., thus plays the role of targeted therapy. Recent studies have elucidated the mechanisms of drug release and absorption, however, much work remains to be done in order to develop a successful and optimal system. In this review, we summarized the continuing efforts in understanding the usage of the ultrasound triggered target microbubbles in cancer therapy, from release mechanism to preparation methods. The latest applications of ultrasound-triggered targeted microbubbles in cancer therapy, especially in gene therapy and antiangiogenic cancer therapy were discussed. Moreover, we concluded that as a new technology, ultrasound–triggered targeted microbubbles used as drug carriers and imaging agents are still energetic and are very likely to be translated into clinic in the near future.

关键词： ultrasound-mediated targeted microbubbles cancer

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Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 212-225 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0016-y

摘要： As the population and economy continue to grow globally, demand for energy will continue to grow. The transportation sector relies solely on petroleum for its energy supply. The United States and China are the top two oil-importing countries. A major issue both countries face and are addressing is energy insecurity as a result of the demand for liquid fuels. Improvements in the energy efficiency of vehicles and the substitution of petroleum fuels with alternative fuels can help contain growth in the demand for transportation oil. Although most alternative transportation fuels - when applied to advanced vehicle technologies - can substantially reduce greenhouse emissions, coal-based liquid fuels may increase greenhouse gas emissions by twice as much as gasoline. Such technologies as carbon capture and storage may need to be employed to manage the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-based fuels. At present, there is no ideal transportation fuel option to solve problems related to transportation energy and greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, research and development efforts are needed for a variety of transportation fuel options and advanced vehicle technologies.

关键词： transportation energy energy security greenhouse gases alternative fuels vehicle technologies